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Selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, concentrating up to 5,000-fold at the site of ATP generation.
Dose ranges reflect commonly studied amounts in published research models. This is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Protocol Comparison
Research Dose Reference
Available in 10 mg
SS-31
Mitochondrial
Research dose range
0 mg10 mg20 mg30 mg40 mg
Standard research range
10 - 20 mg
Standard investigative concentration for active mitochondrial restoration and bioenergetic support.
Research focus
Mitochondrial cardiolipin stabilization & ATP recovery
Observed window
4-24 weeks
Administration
1-2x weekly laboratory protocol
Primary pathway
Cardiolipin / ANT / ATP Synthase / Respiratory Supercomplexes
Dosing summarized from published Phase II/III clinical trials (MMPOWER, ReCLAIM, and HFrEF). Strictly for laboratory research use.
PROTOCOL BENEFITS
Engineered Outcomes
Inner Mitochondrial TargetCardiolipin ProtectionATP Synthesis
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Binds directly to cardiolipin, optimizing electron transfer chain efficiency and reducing ROS leak.
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Extensively investigated in severe biological stress models including cardiac ischemia and muscle atrophy.
SCIENCE
How It Works.
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) engineered to overcome the biological barrier of cellular and mitochondrial membranes. Its alternating aromatic-cationic structure enables carrier-independent diffusion across the inner mitochondrial membrane where it concentrates up to 5,000-fold.
SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin, an essential phospholipid required for the structural assembly of respiratory chain supercomplexes, ATP synthase, and the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 restores mitochondrial cristae architecture and restores ATP production efficiency in aging or ischemic tissues.
WHAT TO EXPECT
Cellular energetic markers and reactive oxygen reduction show measurable responses within 4 weeks. Functional endpoints such as physical endurance are tracked across 12–24 week clinical models.
PROTOCOL NOTE
Available in 10 mg sterile vials. Strictly for laboratory research use.
FAQ
Protocol Questions
What distinguishes SS-31 from conventional antioxidant compounds?+
Conventional antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen species indiscriminately in the cytosol. SS-31 selectively concentrates within the inner mitochondrial membrane to protect cardiolipin and restore ATP synthesis at the bioenergetic source.
When do research models typically show measurable shifts?+
Early bioenergetic biomarkers modulate within 4 weeks, with structural mitochondrial cristae restoration and endurance metrics evaluated over 12–24 week study periods.
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